Life of an Ethereum Beacon Chain Validator

Transcript

so next up we have yet another researcher Assyrian foundation rock star who's going to be telling us about a life in the day of a beacon chain valid validator so let's give a round of applause for Xiao Wei Wang everyone so today we really have to quantify talks talk about the eastern 2.0 aperture and row map and my talk is about other and shall one final foundation research thanks painful the introduction and my talk is about the life of em is there a

big hunch in fighters so it's about the life cycle and what's the responsibility of the vacant chair validator so um a quick recap we are erasing that diagram before and my talk will focus on the peak and trim parts so the picking train is a whole new trend here it has to be joining from the east one trim contract and it has its own Genesis

found in the pretension and that's Rome app I will focus on the beacon trim phase zero and see that what we already have and how we will do so first crashing is that why would people wants to join the potential and become a validator the answer is simple because there are innocent incentives of the rerolls for the validators get so the reward includes that so first it's similar to East one - to be evaluators

you can include as much as many transactions as you can so the there are two currently we have two types of the local ad operations can make the can get the free fall and why is the transfer and another one is we call ad up attestations so attestation is you can see that us just votes you can vote for which you quit block you think that's the valid block and in this authorizations it includes the aggregated signatures so but for the individual validators they have to sign

for some specific attestations so once you actually stifle that message you have to be responsible of that if you if you sign something that surely incorrect you will be punished later okay so that's the decisions so the validators they can get rewards from include as many high station as they can the second rewards from the for the proposers is that they can become the whistleblower sock whistle oh is that so as I said at some validators some

dishonest validators blame my sentencing invalid so if you are honest very latest you can to report to the other evaluators that hey nice guy he did something very bad and please let's stash it so once this stashing message beep broke has into the network and then it can't be included into the block then the money if either from the ash the data will goes to the whistleblower so Matson mechanism to prevent that people to do to the packaging and to incentive

that people to to to be justice and to make those chain safe and the second kind of real world is the ffs dreary world so it's about that you have you are really both up correct in well correct value chain of the potential and there are certain of the rule is we call that cross link rewards Crossing is the link between the sunshine and the beacon chain so when

the attestation the violators name makes attestation at the same time they also makes cross link so let's cross single link to the churches and to to attach that with shattering you are validated and is that which the plaque of the shop block is valid in your view so those are the three types of dub rewards in our current speak that can make a redditor to get reward and you know now you know that why we want to become a very Gator and second question here is that how to

become validator so how to join the staking so Larry will be spatial contract on the east one trim we call that the deposit contract so every user they can make a deposit of 30 right now is the story through either to this special contract and after they make this passes the Predators can watch the logs the event logs from the east one deposit contract and once the deposit already be met into the contract it will emit a special logs

so once the Terminator that can be a like kind of the east one chain and then listen and watch this logs to see if my deposit is already being except in the is one chin and also if other deposit other editors are joining the new chin okay so um if there's a life cycle graph that we assume that the violator already be a deposit from India is one chin and also we have to make sure that it did deposit enough balance and it's ready to

be active well note that not the visitor doesn't be active immediately once they deposit they need to wait for like from right now it's the 25 minutes least 40 bucks to be active it then the Serpa is that once a the violators activity leprechaun with Allah they are the active meditators and active validators will be adding to a long very data registry list we mean please know that it has to be

one single huge list because we aren't going to make the scheudle assembling from the one single of idea typo that's from and and as we talked about previously this very importance from in the potential Carmona is the randomness Sarandon is provide to us have the ability to make pseudo random sample of the vital travelling function and the surprise is that why should the validator do in this context so um right now and only talk about is

the responsibilities in face zero they have two men jobs to do the remember one is they have to propose the very valid beacon block and second since that has to create attestations so um this is the current architecture so a current data structure of the beacon but we have now notable things in the black body why is the Rendell review in eastern we now use the Rendell to provide the randomness in

season and and every proposer in when they proposed a block they have to provide their own render review and that will be the part of the entropy to create the randomness seed that's how the randomness goes and the second part is that they have to choose the best world of the east one chain reference less the link between the is to chain into the is one chain here so the weighted as I say that the visitors of the beacon shrimp radiators they have to be kind of the like high of there is one

chain that's the link between them and also they have to increase the beacon operations in the Block in the beacon black bodies here now we have different types of the operations that are the list is like proposer stashes the stash messages and attestations also the deposit message has to be included here and then we have the how to ability exceed it will be message into here and the second important thing is to create a test Asians the test Asians message has three parts things folder

refactoring by Danny is much more better now if you are client apps and they have three parts that one is the they will have to vote for three sting wine still they have to vote for the East one trim block and second one is now they have to vote folder become pack and third one is the Shan trim black we also call add a course link so yeah so you can see that because the way that the beacon survey data they are in the core layer between the mention the is one mentioned and the xiaochun's so they have to be the bridge between them

okay and the incentive is not only the rerolls there are also the stash - off to the Inti's - the dishonest redditors to improve them from being malicious there are different types of their penalties why is the referee penalties so if the very dangerously contribute to the FFG realisations penalty they will get rewards but if they didn't they will get punished then there's also the

inactivity liek staches penalties that's for that if the chant doesn't being penalized normally that's because like maybe we didn't get the three so he holds like two thirds so that time we will punish the potatoes that they didn't delay job well surprise is the crossing penalties it's similar to the profile is focused on the xiaochun of the votes and there are also the two types of the slashings wise for the

proposer and another is for the tester and also the provoke a stick and penalties so after me adjusting we'll talk about a deeper okay then let's see the verminator Chum and it's driven by the total balance here we have some calculations functions that to calculate what stomach's been and some we have right now so right now in the version zero five one zero point five one specs there are two Q's in the

mass spec y is the activation waiting queue another is the withdrawal queue but lyra working progress PR hereby vitalik his suggestion we can use the execute instead of the withdraw queue here and how and then once the beta stop being active being doing a job but what about one thing they just don't want to do it anymore they want to exceed how can they can they do that yes good news is that we have the

battery exit message here so the variator they can send the mental rear exit operation to the network and if it's hum it would be a message that be included by the black browser and hum about the withdrawn that most people care about unfortunately in fest zero we are we only can make them into withdraw Ball State because because for now there's no of state marching in the beacon chain but good news is that in phase 2 we will make them with drawable found with drawable state to withdrawn and the

editor index will be recyclable here okay so let's see the tab bar again so now the visitors are already being activate and on there are three types of the first lab um three types of the rustling my - why is that lame I got stashed and if that gasps - they will be XA - so there are you can notice loudly um - stable the violator the active to stabilize the active validators we the

size of the active radiators should be kind of stable we can be updates too frequently for them they work security and then so it's so that's why the radiuses don't jump immediately you have to wait for a while time and then the carstache and exceed state and then after like 30 36 days they got with drawable state and the second type is dialect may God attracted because they don't have instant in they don't have sufficient penance in their account

unless a similar case now they will wait for four epochs twenty five minutes and it got stashed and stash but lakes it any wait for a while to be inter withdraw book you and they can get with durable state the surprising stubborn hurry exceed case but I'm busted it is not alike that the the tag one might be update later after the walking progress PIB merged so less hot the current validator status would be transition and also lame the the on staff and excited

state might be go up to another path because of yeah while they are waiting for being exceeded a my housing my changed between when they are waiting for okay and I want to talk about that sound computation and network requirements in our currencies that here so um as photonic already said that mentioned that the worst case is that we have the full million radiators in the beacon state so um imagine land on for millions of a data in your single array and we

want to make the community shoveling of this four million array so it takes time and also we have to improve the beacon State cash management of course because to update the state of the very data's will be hard then in the huge case another issues here is the networking publication so we have different types of the messages like we can plot the attestations and other transactions so um some of this message needs to be

broadcast to the beacon chain universe but maybe some message like attestations it only needs to be applied to be broadcasted to the shot network we hope so imagine that we have like 1024 xiaochun's attractions has their vocal messages for the shop blocks and a test authorizations has to be a cricket in the shop that they work because um if we broke has lost all the message to the whole network european to noise in

network and so as we said that we want to stable the chantry invaded her shoveling but to for the security the radiators has to be assigned to different shot committee after a while so but also it doesn't happen frequently it still needs time to like wave it over later in the sha-1 I want to switch to ChaCha but when I want to the switch between the networks I have to think the new

things from the church in a1 a2 chattering - so how to do the fasting immediately that's a question we are going to think about deeper and the serpent is the bill a signature aggregations so right now we expect nano P 128 validators in each committee but if we think about the worst case there'll be four millions meditators so to the basic calculations in ox case not narrow P like six fat 65 thousands of

the individual signatures per seconds so of course that we need to aggregate the signatures so let's another hard question in engineering that we want to solve and if you are interesting in the POS there are working progress Peck but we are going to but it's home is a perversion and we want to single eyes this in the few months speaking of the stabilizing the specs if we have there are three tea from men top when kinds of the specs why is v zero specs including the correlation SSD and

POS signatures there are also two other working progress things in our mind but there is the networking specs thanks founder Matt from Qualcomm Liam very helpful for us and also the editor interface spec was thinking about it so yeah last part we are walking right now so um if you are interesting in contributing and happy to chat with you on Peter and also I'm working on the charity the Python time implantation here

[Applause] [Music]