Did Crypto's Next Cycle Just Begin?

Transcript

Bankless Nation, it is the last week of August. It is time for the Bankless Weekly [music] Roll Up. David is out. He's at Burning Man somewhere in the desert, I'm sure. Right now, we've got Hib Keshi filling in. [music] Backed by popular demand. A lot of exciting things going on in crypto in the week. We got to talk about the Bessant put. It is week two. Is Bessant really going to use $1 trillion in the Treasury in order to impact and enact yield curve control? We'll talk about what he's actually saying, how the markets interpreting it, what this means for crypto, whether the debasement trade is truly back on and uh his former mentor Stan Ducken Miller giving a little slap down on the week.

So, there's some drama going on. Also, Coinbase entering the tokenized stock wars in a big way. Can they win the market? Athena turning on a fee switch. It's up 20% and toward the end since we have Hib on. I got to ask him a question about the AI trade. How long it can continue before it eats up all the capital in the world. Stay tuned for all this. Hib, it's great to have you back on. Am I imagining things or has there been a big energy shift back into crypto? And I'm not just talking about prices. This is more than prices, isn't it? What What's happening here? Are you feeling this energy shift?

>> I'm definitely feeling it. I think we have to give a big salute to all the people who left the industry over the last [laughter] 6 months. I was thinking about that this morning of just all of the all the big like blog posts that people wrote and the the Twitter I was like, "Oh, so long guys, you know, this industry is not for me anymore. I'm off to all the hate." Everybody who quit at the bottom, [laughter] we needed you. We needed you to move on so that we could be here now. So, salute to everybody who moved on because it, you know, look, uh, a forest needs a wildfire in order to stay healthy.

>> Yeah. So, is that a bit of a victory lap coming from you? Do is this is this earned >> a little bit? >> But like seriously, I mean, is it just prices or is there something fundamental going on here? What do you think has been the driver of this energy? Is it just it's time now the builders are building or was there's something fundamental that's happening? Well, I mean, look, we're going to start with this. Obviously, macro is what initially catalyzed this move, okay? But it's clear the macro part is done, right? It's not like there's more yield curve control. I mean, there's more. It's not, you know, it's not the story is not over yet, but a lot of this is that crypto is intrinsically reflexive. Reflexivity breeds reflexivity. Upward moves breed upwards moves. And the reality is that the sellers are done. Sellers are

exhausted. It's been it's been so many months of just everybody telling you crypto's dead. And the there's, you know, the the the bare market ends when the last seller sells, when the last weak hand turns over. And once that's done, it's just like, yeah, what else is there to be sad about? Who else is there to exit? Who else is like, yeah, you know what? I'm done at 80K. That's all I wanted. I'm out. I think the reality is that um you you need this clearing of a full cycle to give the next cycle permission to begin.

>> Maybe this is why we always have cycles in crypto. We're going to start in the markets. Before we do, want to thank our friends and sponsors over at Okay, let's take a look at the charts here cuz we got to do it, man. 7 days looking good. Bitcoin up another 10%. It is hovering just above 80K at the time of recording. ETH got a big bump last week. Another smaller bump continues. So, up about 7%. Salana was a big mover on the week. On the 7-day, it's up about 20%. Um, last week was the largest weekly dollar gain in Bitcoin history. Okay, so in absolute terms, in dollar gains, it was a 14K up week. That is absolutely massive. But we

also have to zoom out a little bit here, hib, and we have to look at prices from a year-to-day perspective. This felt huge in the last two weeks, but we are back to approximately May 10th pricing. Okay, so we just went back in time about four months. What do you think of these price moves? Like >> do you think we've seen the lowest of lows on Bitcoin for the cycle? That would have been I guess 630 June 30th Bitcoin hit about 58K. Is that as low as we go in the cycle? Is it kind of up from here? At least above 58K from here.

>> Look, I think so. Um the reality is there's there's clearly a lot of resistance around the 80k level. We've been hovering around 80k for a little bit. Um if you look at the options markets, they tell you a lot of information about what the market believes the likely outcomes are going to be. So actually if you look at poly market, poly market's nice for dummies like me to just condest uh what condense what the what the options markets are saying about the likely moves for Bitcoin from here. So, um, yeah, if you look at Bitcoin in 2026, you'll see that it's about equally likely that we hit 100K as that we go down to I think it was like uh 65ish or like 67 maybe. Um, so uh actually no below 65. So closer to

60K like 60K to 100K is roughly even odds of where we end up on the year. So I I think where we are set up right now is clearly Bitcoin is going to move. It's not going to sit here at 80K. Um, now a lot can change in macro, a lot can change in crypto period, but I think it's very unlikely that we tread below 60 this year. Um, that to me feels like it's behind us again because of just the seller exhaustion. >> Seller exhaustion. Do you also think some of the actions of Bessant this this Treasury put that we're going to get into next are part of this? This is a Bernstein analyst and of course you know they're bullish when things are bullish.

So, take this analysis with a grain of salt, but a lot of people are calling for the debasement trade saying that trade is back on. Here's a headline from CNBC from Bernstein analysts. Debasement trade to take Bitcoin to 300K in 3 years. Bernstein says, "Let's uh talk about what they're calling the the Bessin put, this this Treasury put, and just to recap what happened last week and to bring us to some of the events that happened over the weekend and then on Monday. So, uh we had the 30-year bond market. So yields on the third year, they tagged on August 18th about 5.3%.

Which is a 20-year high, the highest since 2007. So people monitoring bond yields kind of freaking out. This is notable. This is interesting. On August 19th, Treasury then doubled its long-end buyback. So it was doing some buybacks for market liquidity. went from about two billion those those buybacks I think it's per week to about four billion. Okay. So immediately yields on the on the the 30-year dumped. Uh but then they bump back up and so Besson came out and said we will continue to do this. Um on Sunday, August 23rd, the 30-year yields went back to all-time highs. So Bessant

called a Monday press conference and that's where we got the news on the week. In the Monday press conference, Bessant said that the 4 billion per week was kind of a minimum. He called this his brand for it. Wasn't the best input. It was the Treasury twist. That's what he's trying to meme into existence. He said, "We routinely do buybacks and we're going to increase the size of the buyback. It could be more than 4 billion per issue." So he's saying now this 4 billion that he put in place last week, well that's more like a floor, it's not a cap. And he sort of implied they're going to do what it takes to keep yield within lines. At least that's how the market interpreted that. And then uh finance media kind of ran away with this

a little bit. It's hard to know what happened, but I saw this uh report earlier this week in CNBC said Besson could tap nearly $1 trillion in the Treasury General account to fund buybacks, sources said. Okay, this wasn't Bessant actually saying this, but this was uh this story was citing two senior Treasury officials who like anonymous people, who knows who these people are, who did not rule out tapping the TGA, which is a $950 billion account that Treasury manages for liquidity purposes. It's not been used to purchase uh long-term bonds in this way, but it could be. So, you kind of wonder if you

know they're they're trial ballooning this a little bit, putting this out there to see how the market reacts. What's your take on this? Because the market took this and said debasement trade, it's all in. We're going to talk about you Stan's piece in the Wall Street Journal in a second, but is this what Besson is really doing? Is this yield curve control or do you think financial media is kind of running away with this story and the market is misinterpreting what's going on here? Well, so let's zoom out a bit and give some context to the story. Um, part of the reason why this story is kind of scandalous, it's it's a little bit of a full circle for Bessant is that Janet Yellen was doing the exact same thing.

And Bessant famously was very critical of Janet Yellen, saying that, oh, this is measuring messing up the Treasury markets like this is this is never going to work. This is an ineffective strategy. Um, and so him doing the same thing and now giving it a different name of calling it, oh, it's the Treasury twist. You know, [laughter] this is not quite exactly what she's doing with yield curve control. It's it's a little bit like, okay, you know, you step into the ring, it's very easy to criticize from the sidelines. But look, when you're the, you know, you're the head of the Treasury, you report to the president. You are there to fulfill the president's demands. And if the president wants the bond market to, you know, drop the long-term yield and to basically allow him to finance the government long-term at a lower rate,

like the reality, you know, why is he doing this? He's doing this because the the the current debt in the country is not going to go down anytime soon. Our deficit is massive and there is just no appetite for any kind of austerity. And so the only way that you can keep this alive is by not getting eaten alive by your debt. And if it costs you, you know, five plus percent, you know, 5.4 or whatever it is to finance your 30-year bonds, uh, that's just a nightmare. And so, he's in the situation where, okay, if I refinance that debt, I mean, what is he doing? What is yield curve control? It's basically refinancing the debt. It's saying that, okay, I've got these 30-year bonds. I'm going to go and instead buy those and reissue those at short-term bonds, right? It the problem with the strategy,

one, he's doing it with very small amounts, right? So doing it with a few billion dollars in the treasury markets is nothing. It is a very small amount of money. It's symbolic. And initially when he did the symbolic thing, Marcus reacted and said, "Oh, wow." You know, the government really wants to get these long bonds down. But it's in reality so small that it doesn't affect the market. It's a little bit like the DATs, >> right? When the DATs start buying tokens, people like, "Oh my god, the DATs are buying." But then you realize that wait, the DATs are so small relative to the volumes. They don't really, you know, they can't really make that much of an impact unless it's like a very small asset in a very big debt.

So what what Besson is doing right now is more symbolic than it is actually going to move the market in terms of flows. And that's why you're seeing the market more or less reject the story and also reject the underlying implication is that okay is a Bessant actually going to quote unquote do what it takes to you know move some of that yield uh away from the 30-year and pull it into the the you know the 5 and 10 year and the answer is yeah they don't believe him. They don't believe he's going to tap the TGA. They don't believe he's going to do everything it takes. They think look this is what the market thinks the yield ought to be so that's what it's going to be. Do you think that's all part of the strategy is to float these things out there and say, you know, look, like I

could do this if I wanted to to scare off the bond vigilantes. Tom Lee's logic was something like this. You don't need to actually tap into the TGA. You just need the market to believe that you might or you could at some point in time. But you I am almost getting the sense every time yields have floated on the 30-year to this, you know, 5.3% zone, something has happened, right? Like they've done something about it. So, you kind of wonder if this is kind of a uh a ceiling that they don't want to hit and they actually would tap into some sort of measure in order to suppress these yields down. Do you think he's bluffing or do you think he would

actually do it? Do the thing which is actual yield curve control because that's what the market seems to think he might do, you know, and they're kind of testing whether he's bluffing or not. >> I think that's exactly the right instinct. Again, it's it's a little bit like Trump on Iran is that the the threat is most effective when you don't have to use it. >> Yeah. >> When you start actually having to go in and say, "Okay, we're going to buy two billion. We're going to buy four billion." That's when your credibility really starts to weaken. This is a tool you never want to actually use because of course it's a onetime intervention. Like once you once you get through the Treasury General account, uh, now you're out of money, you're out of bullets. You this is something that you really want to threaten and never actually break the

glass. So I I think he's in a very tough situation because again the real thing that matters the real thing that's doing all of this is not that okay the you know that they're not being intervention they're not being interventionist in controlling the yield curve. The real problem is that the debt is too high and the deficit has shows no signs of going down. That's the underlying problem and Bessant can't control that. $40 trillion to remind folks also a massive uh deficit on the fiscal spending again this year continues to compound. Draen Miller rebuked him in the Wall Street Journal. I know you read this opinion piece because I saw you comment on it has [clears throat] some quotes from Stan Denmiller and I should give some

personal context here. So Besson actually worked for Ducken Miller of course Stan Draen Miller notable uh investor he's just one of the legends. They worked together with George Soros. These two actually broke the bank of England. You know that famous trade back in 1992. They did it together. Uh Ducken Miller is kind of a a mentor to Besset in a number of ways. So this is an interesting public rebuke for Stan to deliver. He said this the long-term Treasury yield is the most important price in the world. It is also the only fiscal disciplinarian the US has left.

Every basis point of artificial yield suppression is a subsidy to procrastination. If a 30-year must trade at 5.5% to clear, that isn't a crisis. It's an invoice. So, he's saying basically, best, you got to pay up. Stop doing this suppression stuff. It's not going to work. It's a bad idea. You're just continuing to kick the can down the road and make the problem worse. Why do you think Draen Miller is smacking him down publicly? Hzid, >> I think it's kind of the circle of life.

It's your turn. You know, you become Treasury Secretary, you got to do this this [ __ ] And yeah, you get to get criticized by the people who actually participate in financial markets. Like, it's it's part of this yo-yo, right? When when the the yields are this high, Besson comes in, you know, all this thunder and fury. He announces, "Okay, the yield must go down." and it goes down and yo-yos right back up to why? Because that's the market clearing price. That's what long-term investors demand from US government debt. Because the reality is, look, a lot of what's happening is not just people are worried about the expanding debt of the US government. That's part of it, but that's not the only thing. The other thing that's happening, which is also again fundamental to the supply and demand of capital in the world, is that

government debt is being crowded out by the hyperscaler debt. Hyperscalers are issuing debt because of the AI trade, because of all the capex that they're pouring into AI. They're issuing debt at magnitudes they have never done before. And the reality is that a lot of these allocators are asking themselves the question, which one do I think is better credit? Would I rather buy from, you know, uh, from Amazon and from Meta over 30 years or would I rather buy from the US government? You know, once upon a time that was an obvious question, but with the with the deficits and the debts as large as they are, even if you think there's 1% 2% 3% chance that the US government defaults, um, you know, that's not a high chance, but it's enough to significantly change the yield

that you're going to demand from that that government. So, the reality is that's why the yield is so high is not just because people are losing confidence, but that there's there's this crowding out that is being caused by the AI boom. And that's not going to go away. There's only a fixed amount of money in the world. And if somebody else is willing to pay higher yield because they can get a higher return. If the hyperscalers believe, look, the AI boom is going to make me a lot of money. I think my return on equity can be, you know, 15 20% for investing the stuff into uh data centers, well then yeah, I'm happy to finance that at 5% over 30 years. So the person who's normally buying only government debt, now they're looking at the most valuable companies in the world

with incredible cash flows, incredible balance sheets, very low leverage, and say, "Yeah, I'll buy that instead." >> That is a huge point. I think a really important point. I want to come back to that near the end of the episode. But what what you're saying is basically, you know, 30-year bonds, you know, long-term uh US bonds are basically the cost of capital for the market. And it's not just the basement that um investors and bonds have to worry about. It's the natural cost of capital rising up because AI is basically sucking in all of the world's capital right now and generating incredible returns on that capital. Right? So like the number this is why I think actually the the bond market is kind of it's almost coming

back into investor markets and just markets in general as a main character. like this chart. I never used to look at this. This is the 30-year uh yield chart and now it's like a main character because I think there's a AI cost of capital story. I think there's a debasement story. I think crypto gets tailwinds from all of this. So, it's uh incredibly fascinating. Also on the week, I want to ask your opinion on this. So, this is coming out of Bessant. He announced um he he calls it this D-Day, an economic D-Day for Iran. So this is an economic onslaught against Iran's financial connections around the globe. We're going to sever every economic lifeline. He identified five

targets. Technology, gold, aviation, and shipping and also has se digital assets. He's saying the Treasury is going to use OFAC sanctions, all of the means of their that that they that that they can essentially to freeze Iran's financial connections around the globe and also anyone that helps them. Uh Luke Roman pointed out, it's very telling that he mentioned gold and digital assets, didn't mention oil here. Maybe that's because Treasury doesn't have a grip on that. I was thinking back to the 2022 and 2023 economic sanctions against Russia coming from Treasury in the US at that time and the route in countries

willingness to hold US debt as a result because it's China looking over at the US. It's other countries, sovereign nations looking at the US and saying, "Well, if you can affixiate and choke out these countries, then you could do the same to me. We don't want US dominion there. And so I almost wonder if this economic sanctioning, the announcements coming from Bessant, he knows that this is going to decrease demand for long-term bonds. He's also trying to get ahead of that by doing putting some of the suppression measures in place and uh you know signaling to the market that they're willing to do what it takes to keep yield at 5.3% or whatever because these sanctions are

coming down the pipeline. Anyway, what do you think this means and how does it fit into the story? And the fact that they're talking about digital assets, I mean, has that been a main vehicle for Iran uh in the past and will it be in the future? >> Not that I know of. Uh so the story for Iran of course was that they were at one point trying to charge for ships going through the straight of Hormuse in Bitcoin or in UN um the the Chinese R&B currency. Now my [clears throat] understanding was that people were not paying in Bitcoin. They were mostly paying in R&B and then of course the payments for going through the straight of Hormuz got stopped because of the US uh you know ceasefire terms and now

that's all topsyturvy. You know Iran look they're resourceful. are going to find whatever mechanisms they can. Deacto, if you were doing business with Iran via crypto, you were already sanctioned. >> Um, I it's unclear to me that this is new or that it was already perceived as being okay for the exchanges or for any financial institutions to be doing any business with Iran. Um, this probably applies more with respect to secondary sanctions. And so, this was the real heft of the threat that he was making. You know, who is banking Iran?

Obviously, it's not American banks. It's not multinational banks. It's, you know, maybe a bank in the UAE or it might be a bank in, you know, Bahrain or in Egypt or something like that. Um, and then of course the primary business partners of Iran are Russia and China. So, okay, what exactly is Bess and threatening here with respect to China, which is the primary economic partner of Iran at this point and the biggest buyer of their oil? We don't have a good answer yet. has not made clear how big his balls are with respect to how far is he going to go in this operation D-Day thing. I think the market doesn't buy it. They don't believe that he's actually going to start sanctioning a bunch of Chinese banks.

>> Um that would obviously, you know, with the coming summit between Xi Jinping and Trump, >> that would be a very aggressive move into so far what seems to have been a daunt between the US and China and a little bit of Trump crying uncle in the trade war. So, I suspect that actually he's not going to go all the way. And the reality is that we don't really have the capacity to do that, you know, from a from an economic perspective. Like, we're going into the midterms. We kind of can't take a lot more economic damage without basically conceding the Republican party to just irrelevance in the second uh second inning of Trump's presidency. So, he can't go too hard.

And because he can't go too hard, again, it's a lot more thunder and fury than it is actual, you know, going all the way on something like this. >> Maybe that's why Trump is now taking it all out on Canada, trying to name Lake Ontario to Lake [laughter] America, as I just read this morning, and my Canadian family is uh is texting me about it. Are you guys serious? What's happening here? Anyway, uh let's talk about what all of this means for the debasement trade. This is an analyst from Fidelity saying the market senses a slippery slope towards fiscal dominance. A clear negative for the dollar, clear positive for gold and by extension for Bitcoin.

Of course, this is Tom Lee saying that this is positive. All these these Treasury actions for all long duration assets, equities, crypto, gold, and real estate. Can we call it is the debasement trade back on? And does this mean Bitcoin, as you said earlier, you don't think it'll drop below 60? Are we above 60 now? Because the market has realized, hey, debasement is a thing. We've been ignoring that for a while, chasing the AI trade. But look, $40 trillion, the only way out is debasement. Therefore, crypto has to go up. Is that's what is that what's happening here?

>> I think that's true, but it's also not that simple. Because if you remember beginning of this year, gold was rallying on a similar kind of narrative of okay, you know, debasement trade, you know, gold is going to degrade. Bitcoin didn't move. Bitcoin did not participate in the rally that took place early this year when gold went to all-time highs. Um, why now? Why does Bitcoin get to experience this one and it didn't experience the other one? Um, I I think the reality is that Bitcoin kind of has this affinity vibe that sometimes it feels like gold, sometimes it feels like a risk asset. And the the unique character of this particular story is that it actually stimulates both. It stimulates both the gold-like aspect of Bitcoin as well as the risk asset nature of Bitcoin. Both of them are uh getting

called by this particular rally. So the debasement trade, right? So the the fact that Bessant is like, look, instead of actually having some kind of constraint on spending, let's just buy back the bonds and try to control the yield curve, right? That's basically him saying, yeah, we're not going to control spending. you know, instead we're going to do this kind of hocus pocus stuff. Um, that doesn't give financial markets a lot of confidence that, you know, governments are going to be thoughtful about their ability to actually pay back this debt. Uh, that's part of this debase and trade. That's why you see gold rallying is like, [ __ ] this is not the kind of behavior that you see from a robust, you know, uh, country. This is the kind of behavior you see from, you know, a small country that's like, hey, we're just going to go intervene in the

market and we're not going to listen to the market. we're going to tell the market what it's supposed to think about us. Um, you know, again, like a like a DAT or like even like a protocol buying back a token saying like, "No, this token's too cheap. It should be priced here." You know, it's it's like terror behavior. It's like, "Come on, just let the market do what it's doing and you can respond to the market instead of trying to control the market." So, that's one element of the debasement trade. But the other element is the fact that when you take long duration uh yield long duration assets like a 30-year bond you you buy that back and you reissue that debt as a shorter term bond right so as a as a as a T bill or as you know 10 year 5year whatever um

this is a more liquid asset you are transforming the asset supply into things that are closer to near money right they're they're more liquid and when you're doing that you're basically increasing the money supply de facto. Longer duration assets are less like money. Shorter duration assets are more like money. So they're effectively increasing the money supply. And when you increase the money supply, that means you know we remember what happened in COVID when the money supply increased is that it moves its way into financial assets and financial well crypto, Bitcoin, all these tokens, they're financial assets. So that increase in liquidity naturally reflects itself into crypto in in the risk side as well as in the kind of long-term debasement trade

gold like substitute side. So both aspects of Bitcoin are being buoied in the story. That's why it's doing so well and I'd expect that trend to continue. >> And I think if you combine the debasement trade with the seller exhaustion that you mentioned where we are kind of end of the bare cycle then you get what we got which was a 20% move. And we'll have to see whether that can be sustained or not. Hz thinks it can. We got more to discuss, including Coinbase's big entry into tokenized stocks. We'll discuss that. And Hib, I want you to explain Hyperlquid's L2, if you can, what this thing actually is, all this and more. But before we do, we want to thank the sponsors that made this possible. I've been trading crypto assets for almost a decade, and I've used so many wallets, exchanges, aggregators, frontends, and I'm kind of

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accessible with USDT, Bitcap, trade smarter. Start trading today through the link in the show notes. This is not investment advice. We have Coinbase tokenized stocks. They are live on base. Here's the tweet from Bass. Stocks have been updated. Coinbase tokenized stocks live on base available 24/7 365 composable base defy own the underlying share held in a regulated trust back onetoone live now new stocks coming soon I think they got the big stocks the big tech stocks on this right now first question for you how big of a deal is this >> uh look candidly I don't think it's that big of a deal that [laughter] they're you know they're the nth player to do this stocks have been on chain for a

while um obviously they're, you know, they've we've had X stocks for quite a while. Robin Hood got in the game. Now Coinbase is getting in the game with Bass. The reality is that, uh, stock tokens, uh, which are, you know, they're not actually underlying stock. Most of them are these kind of debt instruments that mimic the underlying stock. Um, they are okay. They're growing at a decent pace, but they're still very small in absolute terms. Uh, I think what you see is that there's much more demand for the derivatives. So if you look on trade XYZ, way more activity happening on trade XYZ or on variational or on lighter with respect to RWAS than there is with respect to the underlying stock tokens. So people don't really necessarily want to be sitting around

holding the stock on chain. They more want to trade it. That's what the appeal so far of RWAs have been. And that's why you see so much more volume and even open interest in RWA tokens than you're seeing in trading volume on these tokenized stocks. So, you're not just throwing a little bit of water on on base and and Coinbase doing tokenized stocks. You're throwing a little bit of water on the entire category of tokenized stocks on chain, whether it's Robin Hood or, you know, anybody else that tokenizes stocks. You're just saying that you don't see the big demand. I think there are some in crypto who would say, "No, see, this is the future, right? We're going to tokenize everything. Um, US capital markets are absolutely massive. Look what we've done with stable coins. Look what we're

starting to do with treasuries. We've got billions in treasuries right now and stocks are just the next in line. You don't think so, though. You You think there's more demand for the pers and exotic and fast trading things and you think this is a slow uptick. >> Okay. So, I'm I'm making a descriptive claim, not a prescriptive claim. I'm not telling you what you should want or what the market's going to do in the future. I'm telling you here's the reality right now. >> That's what I'm reality right now is all of the demand is in per, right? So, okay. Now longterm I do agree with the core of the point which is that like what would compel somebody to hold the spot as opposed to hold a derivative or to trade a derivative right for trading spot is really not preferable to derivatives um it's just you know it's

going to be less liquid you face more slippage it's more fragmented in a lot of different places right I just talked about all the different platforms that have some of these tokenized stocks you know some of them are trading on AMMs which are obviously not the most capital efficient way to price these things um and there's not a lot of liquidity So, you're going to face a lot of slippage if you're trading any of these things. I think there's a viral post of somebody trying to buy like 50k of Nvidia and it had like 70% slippage because that >> I don't know where it was. It it was somewhere right somewhere on some platform someone's facing a lot of slippage because the liquidity just isn't there.

>> So, now all of that being said, long term >> there are going to be savers on chain and the reality is there's not a lot of savers on chain right now. There's a lot of traders on chain. lot of speculators on chain, but people who are like, "Hey, I'm going to hold the equivalent of my retirement savings on chain using a portfolio of stocks that are not going to be held on exchange, but are just going to be held on chain." That's not really happening yet. And that's what this is for, right? I think, you know, if you give it 3 4 years, I think you can start to see that kind of behavior with more regular type folks who are not looking for a lot of risk coming on chain and starting to own some of these products. But of course, you know, they

have to be KYC. These are securities and, you know, it's not going to be this kind of yolo type experience that somebody's getting going on trade XYZ. So that's I think a big part of the story why we're not there yet right now for there to be a large addressable market for tokenized stocks. I do think they will get there, but it's a longerterm story than it is for per. >> Well, there's also the point even for cryptonatives, they already have stocks available for them in other platforms, say in their brokerage. like what is going to even for a crypton native who has stocks in say their Fidelity platform they can already get this in their brokerage they don't need to go to Coinbase whereas like per instance if I'm going to do a you know 10x per or

something on 10x long on on SpaceX I can't do that in Fidelity I have to go to you know lighter or hyperlid or somewhere on chain where I could do that but I just want to hold something like SpaceX I don't need a token iz stock on base. Yeah, I guess it's cool that I can, you know, take a loan out against that in a but I also have some of those options within my Fidelity account, too. So, there's almost an element of I wonder how much tokenized stocks are kind of a a meto product. Like, we already have that. I mean, the thing you can't do in a brokerage is >> memecoins, you know, NFTts, like some of the cryptonative stuff. And you certainly can't do some of the pers the

way that you can on these open crypto platforms. So maybe it was destined to fall flat because we're just kind of copying what we can already do in Tradfi on chain. >> Usually getting to feature par is not the way a product grows. Feature parity is a defensive move, not an offensive move. So being able to say, "Look, you can also do that. You can also hold stocks on chain. Isn't that amazing?" And it's like, "Well, it's not amazing. That's I guess solid. It's better to have that than not to have that. Um I think the reality is that the way this grows over time is that you have some of these neo banks and these fintech that are offering people, you know, dollar denominated accounts overseas. They start offering, you know, dollar denominated stocks, right? They start

offering US stocks to also be held as part of a financial portfolio you can hold in these neo banks. And that's a feature that these neo banks can start offering that they couldn't offer before. But they have to start rolling that out. They have to start doing the customer development. They have to start getting people to want to do this, to feel that it's safe, to know this has existed for multiple years. All this stuff is really brand new. And so many of these assets are not even real underlying stocks. They're like these weird kind of debt instruments that mimic the underlying stocks and they kind of do these it's all kind of untested. Um, but you know, long story short, there is a future here. almost certainly this will be part of how uh crypto and dollarization happens in the future is it's all going to be together

in one big co-mingled universe but you know it's going to take time for that to develop and as an entrepreneur I mean you know I'm a VC so I spend a lot of my time talking to founders as an entrepreneur you have to keep in mind that look you can't rush the market >> the market develops as the market develops and if you're thinking three steps ahead you know somebody building hyperlquid in 2018 they were just too early, they didn't get to win. Um, you know, it's it's like, you know, if you if you are going to be a bankor instead of being unis swap, you're too early. You don't get to win. That's just how it is.

>> Speaking of hyperlid, let's talk about them next. So, uh, an L2 for hyperlquid. Tell me that's possible. Hi, I didn't know. So, Allesium, this is the post. a new era for hyperlquid connect which is a already most of the hyperlquid EVMs TVL they're launching something called alisium which is a higherformance EVM colllocated with hyper core they're doing something from the Ethereum world which is they're using Hyperlid's native token hype as gas the order book is a native oracle they're trying to get good at the areas that Hyperlid doesn't necessarily have covered which is um for traders and builders at least the hyper

EVM. What do you think about this? I've it's it's uncommon coming from an Ethereum world. It's uncommon to see another ecosystem starting to launch layer 2. Do you think this is uh going to take off? What's what's your take on this? >> Yeah, it's interesting. Um it's certainly an angle of attack for a startup that uh you know I haven't seen other people try to propose doing this. So I la the attempt so far. What we've seen is that these kinds of L2s, they haven't really worked, right? There have been a number of these Salana L2s that try to build on top of Salana. Um, they haven't really gone anywhere.

>> Yeah, I've forgotten the names of these. Yes, >> I've forgotten the names of them as well, to be honest. Um, but the, you know, doing this on Hyper Core does make more sense because HyperVm or Hypm, uh, it it got a lot of hype. People were very excited about it. They thought it would be very successful. Turned out to really underperform. um they it it had just in raw terms actually very bad performance. It was very slow. Uh the the the fees on it were very unpredictable because of course most of the throughput on Hyperlid is going to be for Hyper Core itself, the actual exchange and not dedicating [clears throat] a lot to the the EVM that's built on top of it. And it just never really worked. It's you know it kind of requires a different skill set to build an L1 than to build a perplex.

So, you know, maybe unsurprising that the team that built the great perplex doesn't quite have the the, you know, sort of angle of attack that it would take to build the next big L1. So, a team coming in and saying, "Hey, we're going to build an L2. It's going to be super high performance. We're we're going to totally rebuild it from the ground up compared to HPVM." Um, and they apparently they're going to expose some more interesting op codes that allow you to get more of a read into the order book on HyperVm. uh or sorry on hyper core I believe hypm it only allow you to see the kind of uh the top of book but it didn't allow you to see the actual order depth and that maybe is useful for you know they talk about um prop amms and other types of pricing

functions that you can use by reading order book data in real time querying the underlying um you know uh order book and and and matching engine that's cool that's interesting is that enough to bring entrepreneurs to bring DeFi to bring activity into this ecosystem. I don't know. I'm pretty skeptical. I think the reality is that part of the reason why HPVM didn't work is not just because of the performance, but because that's not what people are there to do. People are on Hyperlid to trade PES. That's why they're there. And it's a great product for trading per um but you know to to go build an entire blockchain ecosystem and to get a bunch of founders to want to go and build there. I think a lot of them have already been bit. you know, I got a lot of pitches from people who are

trying to build on HyperV Hypvm and um most of them didn't get anywhere. So, obviously, Kinetic is one of the exceptions. They've done very well. They're, you know, a a staking uh derivative and they're the largest staking derivative. That's great. They've done well, but I think they kind of realize that look, there's nobody building on us. >> There's no ecosystem around us. And so, they're trying to muscle an ecosystem into existence. I respect that. I think it's the right thing for them to do given where they're sitting. Um, I just think, you know, the odds are difficult. Most L2s do not make it.

>> Speaking of things not making it, let's talk about tokens. And, uh, a lot of people bit by tokens and purchasing them in previous cycles. Uh, you had this tweet from August 21st. So, I guess that was last week. They told you tokens were dead and not coming back. Still here, still early. I want to link that tweet to some of the news that we see on the week coming from the Athena Foundation. So Athena goes full token company. They are really improving the let's say um investor alignment with some of the updates to their token. So they just bought out early investors who sold ENA that is the Athena token the last 9 months. IP and protocol value assigned

exclusively to the foundation. So the idea is the foundation is under token holder control. So there's no residual cash flow due to equity investors. They have a fee switch now in governance. That proposal is live and you got to imagine all of the Athena token holders will hit yes on voting for fees back to the uh Athena token itself and the monthly VC unlocks were also uh eliminated. We've seen a number of tokens really go through this uh investor alignment value acrruel improvement cycle whatever you want to call it you know VVV burns with Venice that seems to be a better version of tokens than we've seen in previous cycles where there used to be like work

tokens or utility tokens also see the unis swap v switch coming online now Athena improving the story around their token >> is this a positive development is this essentially what we need to happen to all of our tokens in order to bring tokens back from the dead. >> So, first I should caveat that we are seed investors in Athena. We led their seed round and their series a big investors and we've been chatting with Guy obviously about this whole move for quite a while. Um, we were not one of the investors who were bought out. We did not sell over the last nine months.

Um, but uh, it was a really incredibly wellexecuted move by the Athena team and I think they're kind of charting a path for a lot of tokens to potentially emulate. The Athena situation was one that it was obviously a very great, it was a great product. It was very well positioned, you know, excellent team, great execution, um, sitting very centrally in the ecosystem. But, you know, when I would talk to liquid funds about Athena, about ENA, the the the governance protocol, the governance token of the protocol, they were just like, look, I I'm just not going to buy this thing. As much as I like Athena, I just not going to buy this thing cuz every [ __ ] month there are unlocks and I see people dumping and I'm just like, I'm not going to stand in the way

of like I'm not going to be on the other side of that. And so, I think uh after hearing this enough times, I was like, hey, why don't we just why don't we just do a big reset, >> you [clears throat] know? Why don't we just say look this structure that we have and a lot of this like okay why do we have this system of okay VCs unlock over four years and you know the unlocks and you know obviously some you know not all VCs do this but there are enough VCs and most of them are honestly to to tell you the truth are not the VCs but they're often the strategic investors so the people who are not VCs who usually do this that they just every moment the moment they get their tokens they go dump it the moment they get their tokens

they go dump it and they just do that until the four years are done and everyone loved their last tokens are are uh uh transferred And these types of investors, they ultimately are just like this ball and chain >> around a project is like you know these these when when people talk about oh the fate of this token is that it's going to be down only chart that's why those things are happening. >> So I was like you know when when we were chatting with the Ethereum about this like surely there's a better way to do this now. Look, the SEC clearly has changed their mind and changed their tune about how open-minded they are about whether or not to view these things as securities or to bring to understand look there's this is a different regime. We don't have to um kind of you know do this rain dance as

though okay well we have to you know have these you know pretend like it's an IPO and do all this other other [ __ ] Um, and so can we just get, you know, wipe the slate clean, unlock everybody, and anybody who's been selling, just get rid of them. Just sell. Great. We're going to, we're going to buy you out right now. Uh, here's all your money, liquidity for you. Go right off in the sunset. And, um, I think this is a model for what a lot of other tokens are going to consider doing now, seeing how the market has reacted to this. So, market seems to be loving it. >> 20% almost today >> on uniform positivity in the responses to the announcement. Um, and so I think for a lot of tokens that have baggage, and a lot of tokens have baggage, and

it's not their fault, a lot of this was a response to a very warped regulatory regime. A lot of people tiptoeing around things and having to contort themselves into weird shapes just to avoid being the subject of of the fury of the government. I think they can now say, look, what if we could start over, how would we prefer to have done it? And for a lot of tokens, something like this might be the answer. So now the problem is it's hard to tell what caused what. you know, why is the market so happy? How much of it was, you know, the token unlock, like unlocking all the tokens and saying, "Okay, no more unlocks, no more overhangs." How much of it was buying out the sellers? How much of it was the fee switch? How much of it was unifying the the equity? [clears throat]

We don't know. So, I I hope other projects can maybe space these out a little bit so we can like get the data of how does the market value each of these types of of kind of improvements to a token's profile. Um, if I had to guess, I would say I think probably taking out the sellers and unlocking everyone was a big part of it. Uh, probably the biggest part. Um, and unifying token and equity the third and the feast was probably the last in terms of importance, but um, I don't know. It's hard to tell. So, Athena was down like something above 90% from all-time highs. It may have been as high as 95% in the bare market. And so a lot of people have seen token charts that look

like this and it's just like down only from inception. Do you think moves like this, not talking about Athena specifically, although you couldn't include Athena, do you think it has the potential to resurrect tokens? Basically, it's like Athena is a fantastic protocol, fantastic stable coin. I don't know, number three in terms of adoption, something like it's three or four. It's in the top five. Anyway, the question I've always had as an investor in my mind is like same for the unis swap token like where's the value acrruel mechanism is there some disalignment between whatever equity the the the foundation or the company has and the and the token itself. We've seen very few stories so far of tokens kind of coming back from the dead after a 95%

selloff. But is this how they do it? they just kind of direct like do do the steps essentially Athena is taking do you see hope for tokens there because at some level see we've got to figure out how to bring some success back to this asset class beyond Bitcoin and Ether and and Salana and some of our top ones back to kind of the the app layer of tokens here is this how we do it >> I think this is a big part of it now look if you don't have the underlying strength as a protocol or as a project that's not necessarily going to save you. You know that like there's a lot of teams for which doing something like this would be shuffling around the deck chairs and the Titanic, >> right?

>> It's you know like at at the end of the day the reason why there is appetite for Athena at all given a better structure is because it's a good project. It's creating something valuable. Markets are willing to value that. But look, if what you're building doesn't have product market fit, you know, structure is not your problem. That's not going to save you, right? They say, "Okay, we're going to unlock everyone and we're going to do this and we're going to we're going to turn on a fee switch." Okay, well, do you have fees? You [laughter] know, so like, yeah, the reality is that there's a there's probably a lot of projects that will look at this and say, "Aha, great. I should go put lipstick on my pig and that will make people get really excited about it." And it's like, no, that's not that's not quite the lesson

to internalize. >> See, we got a few more things to discuss. Before we do, I want to thank the sponsors that made this possible. Bankless Nation, we've built something for you. Introducing the Bankless MCP. Chad, GBT, and Claude are great at a lot of things, but ask them anything beyond the basics of crypto about protocol mechanics, tokconomics, or just what happened last week in crypto, and the gaps will start to show. The problem is context. Bank list, on the other hand, has spent almost a decade building one of the deepest archives of crypto data anywhere. [music] More than 2,000 podcast transcripts, 10,000 articles, and countless conversations with the people actually building this industry.

And [music] now we've structured all of that data into the bankless MCP. So you can go and connect it to your cloud or chatbt and suddenly your AI can answer your crypto queries with the entire bank list archive behind it. And every new bankless article or episode gets added automatically so the context keeps staying uptodate. The bankless MCP is exclusively available to [music] bankless premium subscribers. So you can go to banklist.com, upgrade to premium and connect the MCP in just a few minutes and all of a sudden your crypto queries to your AI LLM, whatever you use will get a thousand times better. So go check it out. There is a link in the show notes and once you become a banklist premium member, you can hop into the Banklist Discord and let me know how you like it. Cheers. Some exciting news. We are launching a new

podcast to help people figure out the crypto cycle, how to navigate it. The best crypto cycle investor I know, his name is Michael Nato. He runs the DeFi Report. This is the guy that sent me a sell alert before the 1010 price drop happened. [music] His cycle analysis has been absolutely on point. I've been following him for years. And this year, we started recording weekly podcast episodes. Each one we get into his portfolio, what he's holding, the market structure, entry targets, fair market value of Bitcoin and Ether, and where we are in the cycle. There's new episodes that are released every Wednesday. They're 30 minutes, they're short, they're punchy. I think this crypto cycle is harder to navigate than most.

So, let's do it together. Go subscribe to this podcast. Search the DeFi Report wherever you get your podcast. YouTube, Apple, Spotify, or find a link in the show notes. There's a new episode waiting for you. Now, a few more things to round out this episode. So, um, Coinbase, they launched Bitcoinbacked mortgages. You think there's a market for this? Is there a market for this? I I kind of feel like this is more symbolic than anything. That said, as symbolism, I think it's great. I think it's awesome. I think it shows >> well because it shows that um Bitcoin is being taken seriously as a financial asset by by lenders like this is real collateral and um you don't have to sell your you know yeah a lot of people doing this I doubt it.

>> Can you do um I'm not familiar with I'm I'm sure there's a way you could do it if you're kind of high net worth and you have some leverage accounts open but can you do like an S&P 500 backed mortgage? I don't think you can really. I mean that's not really mainstream is >> I don't know but you can certainly borrow against your brokerage account and put that as a down payment >> I mean those two like the reality is look actually borrowing like putting your Bitcoin down >> is one step removed from just borrowing against your Bitcoin and you could just borrow against your Bitcoin and put down a C. You know you could like is this really a huge unlock? Not really. You know like this >> we get to say we could do it though. You could have a Bitcoin back. It's super

cool. It's extremely cool. Uh but yeah, is it extremely you was this the big unlock to a bunch of people buying houses and I [laughter] don't think so. >> Not going to solve the housing crisis any >> but very cool but incredibly cool and I'm here for cool things. >> Is this cool? Is this a cool thing? Zcash uh has its first ETF that's gone live which you know from one perspective okay cool mainstreaming another crypto asset. From another perspective this is a pretty cipher punk protocol. I mean, you're going to do your shielded transactions with a Zcash ETF. What's going on here? Is this cool or not?

>> Come on. Are we still doing that? Are we still ETF shaming? [laughter] Like, I thought we were behind. I thought it was behind us, [clears throat] man. Come on. >> Oh, you think I'm shaming there? >> Funny. Like, what? Like, so you think it's You think it's totally fine to have ETFs and the cipher punks? We can all be on the same course. Fine. You look uh Grayscale putting some Zcash in an ETF does not stop you from shielding your stuff and going doing crazy [ __ ] on Zcash. >> In fact, it benefits you because it's worth more. >> Exactly. Look, it's a truly fully libertarian technology would allow both suits and cipher punks to use it at the same time. Right. That is the dream.

That's actually what it's all about. It's not about okay, only cippher punks can use it and suits cannot. That would be a really weird protocol. I don't even know how that would work. So like this is great. This is part of the story. Like we got to get over this thing of like, oh, an ETF is somehow genulecting to the man. That's just not true. >> I look forward to your next book. This suits incipher punks. It's an excellent title, h I love that. >> Exactly. Exactly. >> Let's end it with this. I want to talk to you about the AI trait because I am genuinely curious about what is going on here. If you've um seen some of the AI, I guess bulls, they've been all over the place. All-In podcast, you can you can pick up on them. Dwar uh podcast is great for this. I was listening to an

episode with Dylan Patel, who's been all over this in general, and there seems to be a sense that um AI is maybe running out of capital or it's going to consume all of the world's capital. And then what happens? And so the story is something like this. First of all, the hyperscalers burned through all of their balance sheet, their retained earnings, right? And they had a ton of retained earnings, reinvesting that in AI capex, right? More compute because token demands off the charts. Now we're going to Wall Street. Yeah. The Nvidia $500 billion deal. Wall Street is all in on this. So it's Wall Street credit. Next is what are we starting to see like sovereign credit enter? Is this why

Besson is doing some of the yield curve control type measures? And that's what you were indicating earlier. Basically, it's like cost of capital is increasing. There's a question of where are we going to get all of this capital? You know, Dylan said by 2030, we may need as much as 11 trillion in AI capex. So, he said 1 trillion this year, 2 trillion in 2028, and then trillions by the end of the decade. So, there's a number of questions here. It just seems like there's such a delta between what the rest of the world thinks and what the AI bulls think. First of all, if they're right, we get 11 trillion in capital.

Where's all this going to come from? And 11 trillion in capital funded by what? Like AI token demand? They seem to see the bulls anyway. They seem to see inexhaustible demand. like demand off the charts, demand going to like go up the exponential and continue in the future. Like that just seems crazy to me. At some point in time, the exponential eats the rest of the world economy. All the capital we have and the entire world GDP is just like basically the AI trade. So, I don't know if you have any thoughts on this, but I've been scratching my head trying to figure out like how much longer the AI trade can continue and whether we're just starting

to um hit up against the diminishing returns of cost of capital if that could really slow things down. What do you think? So, first thing is that um I don't consider myself anywhere near an expert on this, but I I'll tell you my view is that I'm I'm more on the bull side is that I think this stuff is going to get bigger and it's going to get crazier. And every previous year that you would have thought that, you would have been right. It's very analogous to early crypto is that like the first instinct you have when you look at this is like, well, Bitcoin can't be worth more than a billion dollars. I mean, that would just be crazy. and Bitcoin being worth worth $10 billion and hundred billion a trillion dollars for Bitcoin that's just crazy that would mean it's like gold and

yeah yeah it does uh like if you take the AI question seriously that this stuff is getting potentially rivalous to human intelligence which I think just you look use the frontier models today it's really obvious that these things are very quickly becoming generally intelligent and capable of doing knowledge work um now knowledge work is only one part of the work that we do as as a human species This is obviously not the lion share of the work that is done um in in the human population. But if you rewind the clock, if you just imagine, you know, what was world GDP being spent on in you know 1900? The answer it was mostly spent on growing human populations, right? Because you know humans are what do the work and so

it was you know food and clothing and shelter and all the stuff that people do in order to stay alive and supply chains and blah blah blah. Like that that's what GDP was spent on. That's the reason why we made all this wealth is to reinvest it into growing the human population. And we saw this massive population boom over the last 300 years. So once you have labor now being done by AIS, you should expect the same thing to happen is that the same amount like the Ponzi scheme that we saw in human population growth where yeah, you just take all the money, you take all the wealth and you just reinvest it into making more people. That's crazy. Like you're just going to grow exponentially.

Yes. Yes, you will. That is how labor works is that when you actually create a labor machine, you can keep reinvesting into it and growing it and growing it and growing it and you can create the Ponzi scheme but do it another time with AI capital and sorry, with AI labor instead of human labor. So, it's very clear, look, we're not growing the human population anymore. You know, by by many indications, we've already peaked in uh in in the uh human uh total fertility rate. So the human population is probably going to peak in like 2015. It's only going to go down. So human labor is tapped. This is all the human labor we're ever going to get. AI labor is going to be where human civilization grows. And that growth rate is almost in a way a handoff. We are handing off the

work of growing the future from human labor to AI labor. And is that going to take a lot of capital and a lot of reinvestment? Almost certainly. And it's going to happen in large part, I would guess, not just through, okay, we're going to pull money from other places, but probably we're going to create new money. Probably it's going to be an expansion of the money supply because everybody is going to want to continue investing in this. You know, ultimately, again, to come back to the very beginning of what this is all coming from, which is that money, especially fiat money, is a social fiction. It is an agreement that we all make with each other that you know what, we're not just going to denominate our goods in physical stuff. We're going to take bets together. We're all going to agree that you know what, I don't know that it's

going to work out, but I'm going to believe in you. You're going to believe in me. And we're going to all engage in the social fiction that at the end of the day, we're all going to get paid. Right? That that social fiction only works when the money supply being larger than the real stock of goods in society is if everybody agrees the future is going to have more things than in the past. That's fundamentally what the fiction of money was created for. Right? expanding a money supply means that we all agree the future is going to have more things that we can trade things for than the past will. And if you believe that AI is going to result in real growth in the economy and material plenty, then it makes sense to do that.

So my answer is that I think that is what is going to happen over the next, you know, 1015 years. That's where the money is going to come from. I think I broadly agree with you and that puts us in the position maybe many listeners in the position to be long the debasement trade long crypto long scarcity and also long AI however that doesn't mean it's a straight line up and taking an example that we've seen in crypto where you know Bitcoin in 2012 seemed crazy to go to you know something approximating gold's market cap even to$1 trillion dollars was absolutely bonkers. It was not a straight line up, was it? It was fourear cycles. And so,

you could be right, and I think you're right in the 10 to 15 year, 20-year vision for AI. That doesn't mean it's going to be a straight line up, though. There could be some resets and some leverage booms and busts along the way. And I'm kind of wondering if that's what we have in store first. Of course, predicting that is pretty difficult, but I'm starting to see some signs like I mean, once you go after kind of sovereign uh debt and capital, once you're in the bond market, >> how do you get bigger than that? We're getting to the end of of capital for this current era. I think at least that's what I'm trying to figure out right now.

>> Yeah. Well, this is something that Dwar in his interview with Dylan talked about is that one of the biggest roadblocks for this whole story is not running out of capital. It's running out of rope with governments is you know we're already starting to see the data center backlash and you know to be honest right now this is mild people complaining about data centers saying oh you can't build in New York you can't build it in this state you can't build in that state okay well there's a lot of states and not only is there a lot of states there's a lot of countries if you can't build a data center in the US you'll build it in Canada you'll build it in Mexico you can build it in Malaysia you can build it anywhere like the reality is that okay it just means your

chatbot's going to have a little more latency do roundtpping to to Malaysia but at the end of the day like look if you push out of the US, we'll gladly do it outside the US, you know, like that's it's your call to build these data centers, >> right? Exactly. Or in the ocean, you know, there's a lot of places that are going to be open to these data centers. So, the world's a big place. Um, I'm not actually so worried about that. I think the bigger thing that you're going to see, look, so one, anthropics going public later this year, almost certainly. And, you know, if you think that there's been volatility in the AI market, you ain't seen nothing yet. Once there's a lab, a real lab, you know, anthropic is going to be out there, I think you're going to see an insane

level of volatility in that stock, um, because it's just going to be, you know, the the collective fears and imaginations of society in this big Ouija board, you know, controlling the stock like, you know, and writes a blog post and they take out 20% of an entire industry, right? Like this is the most feared company I have ever seen in my life and that thing is now going to be public. And so I I think what part of the craziness and the market movements are going to come from just having these assets in public markets. Um but the second thing of course is going to be that there's going to be civic and governmental backlash to AI and a lot of that is going to result not just in okay these kind of fake roadblocks with data centers. There's going to be real

roadblocks right I mean we've already had uh you know Besson coming out and and uh the commerce uh department preventing models from getting released. you know, well, what you know, why is commerce department getting involved in that? But right now, that's what's been happening. Um, we've had export controls. Uh, we've had, you know, this is kind of the opening solvos, right? This stuff is still not yet, you know, really that scary. We're going to get scary models very, very soon. I mean, looking at the OpenAI hugging face attack, supposedly one of the models that was involved in that is going to get released very soon by OpenAI. So, we are going to see a step change in the level of capabilities of these models.

And that also means a step change in governmental response. And it could well be that you see big big big showstopping moves from governments that are going to prevent this thing from really going into hyperdrive as fast as it might. >> Hib, these are some of the most interesting times I have ever seen in my life. I'm glad you're on at Bankless subbing for David to talk about this. Actually, you're going to be on next week because David has two weeks at Burning Man. So maybe we can continue the conversation then. Guys, got to let you know, of course, none of this has been financial advice. You know, crypto is risky. You could lose what you put in, but we are headed west. This is the frontier. It's not for everyone, but we're glad you're with us on the bankless [music] journey. Thanks a lot.