Designs, Principles, and the Infrastructure of Scroll L2

Transcript

oh in blockchain we only believe in cryptography in math we believe in signature we believe we improve so that's very crucial in some of the solutions like station and like like side chance in that case you have to trust entities no offense like BFC like polygon and they are trustworthy I mean but couldn't we have a better way that is just like it's a real maintenance we have to trust the consensus itself so that is the different phase differences between layer 2 and others can be solutions that is the security is based on ethereal maintenance let's make an

example in traditional information security you have VPN in some big companies you have to connect into the your if you are using your credentials and inside then and to access anything but once you penetrate it or get inside the VPN that's okay you are free hey it's database everywhere you can stop them and do bad things about it so now there's a New Concept called zero trust which is for every step you've done in the den of certain corporations that have to be audited like if whether it's free write or update they have to be audited thoroughly and very very sad there must be a confirmation

so it is the sand in layer 2 and blockchain and so on instead of trusting human trusting some notes some validators there will be um some sequences watches instead we want to transport trust math and transfer trust hash so yeah finally we are mature enough to have something at least vulnerable there to be optimism grow up or DK robot and yeah maybe there is some of a lot of you already knew the future development of ethereal but for some of you there's one critical concept called abstraction in computer science which is yeah practice to en kycc TV

already this one is pretty on the pretty easy to understand so extraction is not something like the castles Picasso pendings no abstraction is that if we have one day it won't be very complex we just try to make it modularized and separate into a lot of different parts and between those parts they just have to follow some standardized procedures like in TCP we have qtx VIP seven layers or five barriers right and if you are doing applications you don't have to know how router works you don't have to know how bgp protocol was all you have to know is hey I have a circuit connection and because all the others underlying

mechanisms they have been traffic and it is the same exactly the same is happening history is repeating again in a good way and in Syria so yeah we have data shots we have consensus there by the way this is the security part and execution layer and for consensus that means being a very simplified way that means how to produce what how to determine the sequence of what kind of translation should be included in a blog Etc and for execution is about all about stage transition I mean previous state and minus one state and a lot of transactions and one to execute all those translations in a certain order and they translate it to a next day right so that is execution and

execution is very very it sounds intensive and that is why ethereum is now one of the main reasons so yeah please look at this oh let me make it bigger so yeah Bridges we all know that we all love Bridges and we all hate Bridges because a lot of the you know accidents yeah so in alternative L1 some other main chain or in some side chance there's only Bridges so we try have to trust on the provider of that side chain or that old L1 in order to to you know Bridge your assets from Italian to the side chain but Bridges along are not ideal

so yeah let's take a look at this part roll ups so to explain raw up in a more more active way of course grow right so when you are doing a scroll it is right then and you roll it up and instead of it's so big now it's so small and Roll Up is things like that by taking out some unnecessary Parts in the transaction and the transactional metadata can be a little bit fewer so yeah the data data storage will be a little bit less of a problem but it's still a problem we I don't talk about that today it's called Data blocky but yeah check out this and make it

bigger true right instead of instead of bridges only now we have proof so that is why I talked I talked about information security first of all we have to trust math not people as long as we have proof and we are fine because now the pro can make sure trust no one from the X-File the proof can make sure that no one is saying lying or no active mistrust we don't have to delete on The Watcher there's no more or at least not anymore complex mechanisms for the different kind of counter implementation so it's your life proof only

so it is very creative even I can only find a applied to the password but even I do not know a lot of the details and nuances in the 09 group so in order to make it simpler for everyone here's a very very easy and not auditory thanks to anybody session from Tower his paper is really well written so all Source impact calculation now we are in Texas and we all hate that and the government is being even more lazier they are they are they are like hey Jerry if this is your text data but we are too lazy to calculate it for you because we government our

eyes and I like no so I have to calculate myself using my computer so can I actually found it considering x x is something that your government know that is your test data and X is something I know because it's my type data and formula f of x thinking it's a one plus one one one times by one etc etc are mass formula and equals to y y is the result to the the amount of tests that you got uh the page to your country that your nation not here but can we lie on here of course yes just like we will be wrong on our mass mass test we will Zero on these two

whether we are we meant to do it or we are acting on dishonest so what's the result so how do we solve it so there is a concept tall computational Integrity proof that is we want to make sure using sound well math magic that is we we can make sure for example if we were to calculate 3 times by two we have to plus three plus three that is six right but we we have our life three four three times by seven and we have we have to we have to like pass three for seven times and each step what's that three plus three six six or three and

three plus and nine nine plus three Etc this one so computational Integrity group is that although No One Is Watching Over Me by using some nice magic with profession magic the the receiving side can ensure a lot hey I look at your pie pie is generated together with these formula by looking at your part I know that hey you've found a respect correctly but currently we mean that a DX is correct because for a common your government has asked right and I have passed right so government can use their ad which we should be the same as our as using the send s of s the formula

and they don't have they don't have to calculate themselves instead they just look at pie you know there's one thing called chapter function that is when you okay let's let's talk about we are if you have to attract have to okay something is slow but you do have to express something it's right is that right so what happens in this is so but looking at high is right so for government this computational Integrity prove measures can help them like there are essentially Outsourcing the computation the hard part to us and they have to only to make sure that the pie is correct provided by X and Y is correct and that's all so the

government don't have to worry about hey their computer are not powerful enough and B there and B the proof is easy to easy to verify so everything is correct and why am I going to why would I maybe this example one so the point um is serving L1 is that is what is small due to sound a technical depth or Community death so we want to Outsource some computation to some other entity and that is the same situation here the camera wants to Outsource their test

calculation to people first say to instead of trusting people because people will lie we don't want to pay taxes right but so so there has to be a proof and it is exactly the same in this case like we won't roll up to provide proof so that all the state transition is done correctly and can be verified by anyone but everyone I mean everyone just like you and you and you we have to have another way our community has hit hard open source reference that can make you to verify the raw approved unction yourself it's pretty interesting yeah so squirrel we will call ourselves a scaling solution for ethereum we want

to make ethereum faster together with everyone else every other L2 Solutions install scroll is also an EVN equivalent VK row so yet another password uh maybe I'll not call it but yeah another hard to understand what what is CBN equivalent yeah so the point is I was talking like this is something so easy but in fact the f of x in order to like converting this this calculation into something that is um like it that can be can be fit into zero knowledge through systems it's not

trivial it is very hard and haha let me residence.com I mean a lot of people build awesome participants right it is very very very very hard for you to in order to be there with some very low end concept like we are all over familiar with with high-end languages but if we were to say write your call in Assembly Language oh before we like you'll be like hey nice it's all day so it will be the same same thing happening in zero knowledge proof if we were to write those things in Circuit by Circuit that means just just understand Circle this way so in zero knowledge proof you have

something you want to prove in Layer Two be there be transaction data or B text calculation and because we want to transform that into something called circuit so a lot of people when they are looking at groups they can run the circuit and to see it is right so this circuit as the calculation itself and yeah the way circum life expectancy is very hard to write this type of thing because it is from prone to error and you know people like us we all prone to error they are standing Rock pools um it's a real version all the time so as I saw in software engineering one thing you have to remember if some

languages there is very easy very hard to make something wrong like the memory management is bad or the the song is that the scope of the variable is there and people will fail and this is not ideal if we were to write those proofs ourselves as general start Contra engineer so what to do yeah also heading to write write and prove for every contract written it is also annoying because it's hard so remember at attraction yeah it's abstraction again so instead of doing anything on the upper layer can we do anything in the bottom layer so that everything is taken care of like in

tcpip we don't have to know about the pgp the relative protocol we only have to round worry about the top layer right so in this case the top layer is not contract in the middle in the middle layer maybe it's a gas so it's a real the client and in the button it is ebn it's a real version machine where we execute the stage condition so instead of abstracting the thumbnails layer huh if we were to extract the top of bottom of there and the hardware should be down by Engineers like in squirrel in somewhere or indicating a in in the extent things will be solved right

so yeah maybe it's not that easy but we have a big support so yeah yeah I see okay so so the point the point is we are what is the kbn how do we make a fruit so let's forget our foreign we have some execution traces remember we say like three times five seven we bought it by seven times and it is the same if same in gas there is different choices like broken counter one two three or three three languages and we just grabbed the tweezers and try to convert it into the circuit circuit input the Pacific input I mean f of s equals to Y right and the x is the circuit input that is something that we

want to prove okay we've done the calculation we need into X the output is y and so now we fit into different articles in the you know ebi live the red circle storage Circle the the interaction here is the outside stripping at the time you can check our YouTube channel for more details and after that we just replicate the proof into one big proof then it's done so she is a brief comparison to of the of maybe not oh sorry uh to start the L2 projects so on as you can see that the difference here is the abstraction level is different I'm not going to attack or say

anyone if I say anything wrong please I I I don't mean to offer anyone but the point is if you do extraction a different level you got different Traders like the beauty the state like standard is and I can I can assure you that the performance will be very very very very good but in the same time people have to learn how to write error or people have to learn how can we transpire how can you convert our code from 3D to payroll and that is one thing that's another engineering fee that has to be done by the the excellent people in software or in the community

so yeah from the left to the right that means the the trade-off in the where where in the in the left the projects tend to be more efficient and flexible in the in the same time there are a little bit less I mean a little bit oh man a little bit less easier equivalent that means some outposts may not be supported or some behaviors might be a slightly little bit different from the remaining actually to change your call but yeah efficient right so from here to here you can see that the abstraction structure is happening in the language level in the in the compiler level or in the assembly a simple language level like in polygon hormones

assembly in between virtual machine to deal with uphold and their storage status etc etc but it's for in Syria we try to do it the hard way about how it means that the efficiency may be not so good at the moment but it will be so good in the future because you can try and test it by the way it is already good so that so now we aim to make every developer here that is you and you and you and you you don't have to learn anything about growth you just open your hair open your boundary always remix ID which we will do in our food and then it is just we just deployed like

what you'll be doing on this area and that's the most ideal situation so yeah we are all in a healthy competition and all we want to do is make it serious a better place yeah so summary about today okay we don't want to cared about too much about about function migration and what we're doing for us because we extract the proving power in the underlying layer and B you don't have to trust trust us I trust I mean the score L2 is down someday you can be damn sure that you can you can close down emergency as the function is L1 so that everything there is speed is being out of your fantastic because it's in the in the near one contract

and three for any of the layer two solutions here they are all cheaper than Mainland so yeah that's that's the main thing you are free to experience experiment and do it whatever you like of it when maybe it was impossible on the midnight but now it is possible and player too so yeah I hope you after today you all understand why L2 is and you will not be confused by all the bad words oh yeah thank you [Applause] [Music] thanks for okay maybe 30 more seconds for you to scroll the scan it and enter our Channel and

thank you for thank you for watching for for shooting your speech so I get so much time sorry and thanks yeah please please join us thank you so your special switch [Music]