Arbitrum Nitro live, Orca is now Metropolis and more - The Daily Gwei Refuel #439 - Ethereum Updates

Transcript

hello everyone and welcome to another episode of The Daily gray refuel where I kept the latest news in the ethereum ecosystem I'm your host the analysisano and it's the first of September 2022. alright everyone let's get into it so I remember I mentioned vitalik's proof of stake book I think a few months ago when he first kind of announced it uh and he's kind of shared another tweet today saying that you can now get a signed digital copy of the book and an nft at proof of stake.getcoin.co and a vitalik share of all the proceeds will go to bitcoin grants public goods so if you want to support public goods uh and get yourself a signed digital copy and nft of his book you can do so at this link at previewstake.getcoin.co uh and I'll link this in YouTube description for you as well I'm really looking forward to

reading this book I think that you know it's taken so long for us to get to the merge which is obviously happening in a couple of weeks and within that is the proof of mistake consensus mechanism suitable resistant mechanism itself right like there's been a lot of iteration on that over the years it's a brand new it's state of the art it's just I mean it really took a lot of brain power a lot of time to get to where we are today in that and it's not perfect right like it's never going to be perfect nothing's ever perfect but there's still a lot of things coming to a lot of improvements coming um but I think this book is going to Chronicle the journey that you know to get to proof of stake ethereum from I think vitalik's point of view which I'm obviously very very excited to read

about because we don't really get stuff like that a lot of the time like vitalik definitely writes a lot he writes a lot of blog posts um but you know in terms of kind of like a book diving really deep into something that is potential I mean this is essentially his life's work yes ethereum you know he's responsible for creating ethereum itself and that's part of his life's work but his biggest impact in ethereum I think will be proof of stake right he's obviously going to you know done a lot for ethereum uh over the years uh and going to be doing a lot in the future but in terms of his biggest impact and what he'll probably be remembered for the most within ethereum it'll be with coming up or at least kind of like being a massive contributor to the proof of stake effort uh especially

from like a research perspective so I'm just gonna uh you know once he's kind of like book comes out uh which is September 27th by the way I'd be very excited to read it and read some his point of view so I'll link this in the YouTube description for you and you can go check it out So speaking of updates come upgrades I should say coming to the proof of stake uh chain and this is obviously going to be after the merge there is something called ssle which I've talked about before which is single secret leader election now a blog post here from asanso who works at the ethereum foundation as a researcher is detailing uh basically titled towards practical post-quantum single secret leader election so this is I guess obviously um assuming the ssle has been implemented into the ethereum

network and this is uh upgrading it to be Quantum resistant now for those of you who need a refresher of what ssle is it basically so so the way it currently Works in proof of stake is that you know ahead of time who the next block proposes going to be and that obviously isn't ideal because it opens up to you know dos attacks on that block proposer and some funky Mev stuff around that such as multi-block Mev whereas with ssle you actually don't know who the proposer is until the proposal of the block has happened already so that illuminates those issues now it's still they believe in a research problem but I think you know we know what what we need to do to get there so I'm pretty sure it'll be implemented on the network at some point I don't know when uh you know

I feel like if there was kind of if we do start seeing a lot of multi-block Mev and we do start seeing a lot of um dosing of validators it would probably go up in priority but for now I don't actually have a date on it but if you want to read more about it and read more about how it will be Quantum secure you can rate this blog post here from asanzo uh whose name is Antonio sanzo which is actually pretty pretty funny like whenever I read us a Sans or I read it as kind of like sassano which is obviously my surname uh and Antonio I'm actually named after my grandfather whose name was Antonio and I'm obviously Anthony and anyway I'm getting off track here but uh yeah you can go read these blog posts from Antonio sanzo here I'll link it in the YouTube description for

you below all right so Michael Sproul has put out a PSA saying that client diversity.org is updating with new data from a block print the previous numbers putting Nimbus at 15 were wrong and part of a tendency for the classifier to drift towards mixing up prism and Nimbus without strict supervision so this does change those numbers that I highlighted uh the other day um I remember I kind of like highlighted this and saying it was cool to see Nimbus and teku basically neck and neck and see prism come down a lot and and basically be neck and neck with Lighthouse but it as Michael said uh the I guess uh data here was taking uh too much of nimbus and giving it to sorry too much of prism uh prism share and giving it to Nimbus which kind of like made the the data incorrect here so you

can see the updated data which still is fine I mean prism's under 40 just under 45 here Lighthouse at 33 teku at 17 and nimba said around four percent uh and load star is at 0.05 there as well so yeah I mean not as good as before but not as bad like you know I I actually opened this up after reading this tweet I'm like oh no here we go prism is going to be back up but like you know over 50 or something like that and no they're not so the the client diversity is still very good obviously we would like it to be lower than that I mean it can always be improved but it looks very very good and you can see there's two data sets that this pulls from there's Sigma primes block print and mega Labs uh look Mega Labs has is Grand iron at 3.6

percent here um and I don't know if Sigma primes uh uh uh print sorry Sigma primes data tracks that that client so you can see the the the um the numbers are different here Lighthouse is more prism is less but they're pretty similar like they're not vastly different which I think is is is pretty good um but yeah I mean the client diversity is still intact here which is really great to see on the execution client side nothing's really changed get this to like 77 the data source is just ethernodes right now I don't think there is really any other good data sources out there you know you can build a node tracker relatively easily you just have to basically build something that's Port scans the entire internet for the default Port that all the execution layer clients run on then obviously

write that to some database and display that on a website but it is and it is intensive in terms of um in terms of costs to keep these something like that running and there's no real way to monetize a node tracker website besides ads and things like that which wouldn't be very profitable so we just have ethernet for now but hopefully post merge we have more ways to track that data there all right so I think the biggest news over the last couple of days was arbitrim and Nitro finally are going live so it is obviously live on the network today you can go use it you can go get all the benefits from it the benefits are quite immediate actually you can see here that arborstone's fees uh have dropped for sending each by about half uh top tokens are are about kind of like nine cents

which is dropped as well same as optimism these fee estimations here are on l2feeds.info aren't exactly the most accurate thing in the world so I wouldn't really take them take these kind of like things as gospel or take them with a little bit of a grain of salt here you'd probably just want to be doing the transactions yourself on Nitro to uh you know kind of like check out what um what kind of fees you're getting on sending Ethan swapping tokens and doing anything else on the network and it seems a lot of people have already kind of taken advantage of it here I can show you on RB scan the daily transactions chart you can see it's just spiked with Nitro which is very cool and obviously we expect Odyssey to be turned back on back on relatively soon as well uh but yeah I'm sure a lot of you have

used Nitro or sorry used arbitrine one today and felt the difference in the cheaper fees and the some of the transactions and things like that which is very awesome to see uh for a I guess little breakdown here there's a blog post that you can read uh basically telling what Nitro has with it the summary is that it's increased three put throughput which uh you know before Nitro it is seven to ten times higher now so that's a pretty massive Improvement in throughput right Advanced call data compression which further drives down transaction costs on arbitrine bar reducing the amount of data processed to L1 uh ethereum L1 gas compatibility so it brings pricing and accounting for everyone operations perfectly in line with ethereum which is going to lead to better gas estimation additional L1 interoperability uh so uh it it includes tighter synchronization

with L1 block numbers and full support for all ethereum L1 pre-compiles safer retryables Geth tracing and many many more changes so some of these are quite technical obviously probably just uh relevant for developers uh but yeah this is I guess the launch of nitro on arbitrim's birthday as well which is very very cool so one year since abortion went live they're really killing the game right now they have such a a diverse ecosystem they have a lot of users and they're going to spin Odyssey up again they don't even have a token yet which is just insane to me uh and you know I mean they haven't even announced that they're going to do a token you guys know my rule everything's gonna have a token but it's kind of wild to me that they've actually stuck by the what seems to be their guns about like

not just you know releasing a token for the sake of it which is totally a totally cool approach to have I actually like that we have arbitrine without a token optimism with a token because we get to see both approaches where arbitrimp seems to be taking a you know they're still doing incentives but they're doing a different approach where they have the Odyssey whereas optimism is definitely doing direct token incentives uh but you know they have a bunch of other things going on as well uh but there's two different attempts here which I think is very cool and if you want to learn more about what it took to get here Stephen goldfedter one of the co-founders of option Labs that builds arbitrim put together a thread recapping uh why arbitrib Nitro is such a big milestone and such a big deal it's only a small thread so it won't take you

long to read I'll link that in the YouTube description below uh and Daniel here from the arbitrim team also shared that you can now go to the arbitrim docs and read all about basically everything with with Nitro here such as you know why is Nitro such a big upgrade our sequences the same thing as validators what exactly is a retryable and much more and it's all here basically introduction you got the docs that you can read through I mean even if you're not a developer I don't plan to build anything on on Arbor trim you can still read through all of this just to learn how these things work under the hood see how that sausage is made and get more in uh in tune with how arbitrim kind of like works and and how it all works basically I mean I went through the docs

just before they're very lengthy they're very comprehensive which is exactly what you want to see and I I I definitely immediately started learning things just by reading through it I'm like oh okay is that how they do it is that how they do it so I definitely recommend checking out those I'll link that in the YouTube description below as well um and just to end off the kind of a discussion here about Nitro I wouldn't I want to talk a little bit about our L2 fees now I know we have proto-done charting coming hopefully you know early to mid next year and I know you know I've talked about how this is going to potentially drop fees or it should drop fees on these layer twos by a lot we should get to like sub one cent fees pretty easily but I don't know if I've

mentioned before that this is also reliant on the roll-up itself so for example if the roll-up is artificially limiting itself and it hits those limits the fees are going to go back up because of that limit being hit it doesn't matter how much data space there is on L1 for them if they have their own limits you're still going to revert back to that kind of uh a bidding contest there right so I do want to just set that as a baseline now in saying that we I mean we would expect both the major I guess Roll-Ups today such as the the most generalized major Roll-Ups like arbitrary and optimism to have much more throughput than they do I mean arbitrum just upgraded to 10 times throughput I think Redstone from optimism has something similar coming and we expect them to keep scaling that throughput up

over time so that once the Dank sharding comes they can tune themselves to have to take advantage full advantage of it and get those costs down even more I mean the the thing is is that like right now the cost I mean the cost will vary with the with the great the gas price of ethereum layer one which is about 20 gray right now and you can see it's only four cents at 20 Gray which is very very cheap I mean that's for sending each for swapping tokens is 12 cents that's Dirt Cheap guys like imagine if sorry if um the gray goes back up to 100 which was basically the average that it was during the the bull market that means that on arbitrum one right now the fees would probably only be about what 50 60 cents to stop a token at a hundred way and this is

before Proto dangshotting once proto-dang shining is in place and once these Roll-Ups are tuned for it they are going to have a separate fee Market that floats independently of the one that we're all used to quoting which means that they're not going to have to deal with that they're not going to have to deal with uh this the spikes here as long as they're tuned correctly for it as I mentioned so even at the worst case scenario or where we have an average of 100 way gas price obviously gas can go higher than that but let's say the average is 100 even at that uh today arbitrim uh Nitro would be about 50 60 cents for a swap of tokens with full ethereum security so uh so when you take all that into account that is absolutely amazing because at 100 gray mainnet swaps are like what 20 bucks 30 bucks or

something crazy right so we've already got a massive Improvement here and then post Proto dang sharding those costs will just collapse even even more so look I don't know when gas is going to go back up to 100 gray it's like an average probably when the bull market really begins in Earnest because he's just going up on its own I mean it's not going to really add much activity to the network itself just eat on its own the network has a lot you know obviously gets a lot of activity from D5 from nft stuff like that but also that activity is moving to layer twos over time so I mean I do expect layer one to get expensive again and for gas to to spike but as I mentioned the other day it's going to be hard to know when that's going to happen given that we are in a

kind of a little bit of a new paradigm here where we have these layer twos that people can use now whereas before they didn't and I'm actually very curious I was talking to a friend about this tonight I'm kind of curious to see which layer ones stick around for the next bull market uh and you know which ones actually gain any traction given that if the ethereum gas phase get too high for regular users on layer one consistently that that can just easily bridge to Layer Two so that's much easier than going to a foreign ecosystem like I mentioned before how you know most of these things are evm chains these layer ones so it's actually quite easy for users to bridge there but these other l1s like Solana for example that's not an evm chain it actually takes more effort for people to bridge to Solana

from ethereum than it does for them to bridge to an evm chain because they have to change wallets they have to uh change their kind of like way of thinking the ux is different and that obviously won't apply to New Year's new users but I expect new users to just be going straight into l2s and and I don't expect them to be touching l1s because everything's just going to be happening in l2s anyway so it's going to be interesting to see what the next Bull Market's like for ethereum I'm very optimistic about it I think we're going to have a great time we're not going to be having like all these people fighting the fees again right um because they're going to be on layer twos instead of layer one uh but we'll have to wait and see basically but yeah I wanted to make that note about fees

because I don't want to I guess over promise things or promise things that that aren't necessarily going to happen it's not like Proto dang shiny's gonna go in and then you know the day after or I guess like the block after these L2 can transaction costs were just going to collapse it only does that if these l2s are taking it full advantage of that these Roll-Ups taking full advantage of that they have tuned their own uh technology to take advantage of that and they might they may do that but there's no guarantee so we'll have to just wait and see until Protank shutting is live on the network how these uh layer twos take advantage of that extra block space all right so polygon announced today a new and improved version of the polygon wallet Suite which is a unified platform that enables regular crypto users to

safely as well as efficiently swap bridge and manage all of their Assets in one place regardless of where they are stored so uh you can basically read more about this in this thread and uh on uh this I think they've got a blog post as well yeah so they've got like uh well they've got like a link to their polygon wallet which I've highlighted before on uh the uh the kind of review as you can see there's an interface here it looks similar to other interfaces you may have used such as like my crypto and things like that but I think this is really cool for like users who uh may it may be very new to the ecosystem and need something like totally new to use for not just ethereum but also polygon uh and keep track of their assets and all that sort of stuff as well so you can go

check this out for yourself if you want to but they've kind of uh uh uh I guess like uh come out with a newly improved version today and streamline things for end users which which is what we want to see I've spoken about this before but wallets they're always going to be the point of first kind of a contact for users into an unchain an ecosystem and we need to keep improving those as time goes on there's so many wallets now but as I've said I think there's only going to be a handful that will be super successful obviously metamask has a massive lead but it's not unbreakable coinbase while is doing a lot of great work a rainbow wallet as I've mentioned before uh zap is coming out with a wallet uh you have obviously the polygon stuff going on um in terms of browser extensions there

are some other metamask competitors out there none that I've kind of wanted to use yet I think when it comes to an extension wallet I'd rather use what I'm used to like yes metamask is clunky but I don't really care if I wanted something nice and pretty I'd just use like Rainbow on my phone uh but that's not saying that metamask shouldn't keep improving but I feel like metamask is that thing that you use as like a power user um because and like you don't like I know not just power users use it like new users do as well but I feel like they're forced to use it whereas I make the conscious choice of using it being like yeah okay it hasn't got like any of the features that you would want as a you know as a quality of life thing but it's robust I'm used to it I know how it

works I know I know that it's secure because it's been around for a while uh so I trust to use it whereas you know something like a newer browser extension wallet I'm kind of like iffy about I'm like do I really want to install this and especially to manage my assets and then I have to migrate things across so I really want to put my you know seed phrase into my computer no I don't so you know that I don't want to import I'd have to just start again so yeah for now I'm just going to stick with with metamask and and things like that and obviously I have Hardware wallets as well I don't use naked metamask while I'd say I I use Hardware wallets but uh yeah the wallet game is for sure going to evolve a lot over the next few years

but I do think that he who controls the wallet uh flow I guess controls the user flow and that is a very big opportunity that's for sure all right so speaking of l2s and their traction you see you can see here Michael is still building from the op Labs team today she had the largest month for transaction and gas used in optimism happened in August so you can see 4.3 million transactions happened in the month and then you can see the the L2 gas used was about 3.85 trillion I believe there's a t there so I'm going to assume that's trillion gas and I don't think op gas is the same as as evm gas I may be wrong on that one maybe it is because uh I guess like the ABM equivalent now so logically it would it might be but I don't think so because

they have different gas limits and things like that yeah I don't think so but anyway that's not relevant right now what's relevant is the growth of course and their last biggest month was only June so it's it's not on average it's growing right and you know it's funny I was talking about transactions per day the other day and how like the ethereum layer one network is really limited because it's got a gas limit the same is true for these l2s but they obviously have a bigger limit so they can do more transactions but they aren't actually doing as much as ethereum layer 1 right now in terms of transactions per day I mean 4.3 million is like three and that's in a month that's like a days oh sorry that's like three days worth of transactions or something for for ethereum three or four days worth for

ethereum layer one so they have some catching up to do but at the same time ethereum layer one is at capacity there is no way to get any more transactions unless the transactions go from being you know smart contract interactions to just like eat only I explained that the other day so I won't I won't rehash it here whereas these l2s are just going to keep growing like they're not even anywhere close to their final forms like they're so early even with Nitro live I mean I'm sure they're already working on the next major upgrades coming to to arbitrine one optimism has Bedrock coming relatively soon uh not red I think I said Redstone before which is rockapool's thing optimism's thing is bedrock uh yeah I got those two mixed up but uh yeah so that's coming and then I'm sure they're probably working on

something else after that and we've seen both arbitrum and optimism teasing that their fraud proof mechanisms are going to be able to be compatible with kind of ZK proofs and stuff like that so yeah it's all coming it's all happening the growth is steady I actually prefer the slow and steady growth over the the really kind of like hockey stick growth and then just like the hockey stick fall off which is what we've seen from the alt l1's in terms of tvl and activity we just saw it go because of the incentives and the bull market and then just came right back down and doesn't really lend itself to building a sustainable Community which is obviously what we want to see for these networks rather than a uh you know rather than seeing mercenaries we want to see missionaries so very cool to see this growth from

optimism uh hoping it it keeps up here right so Julian Lambert here put together a really great thread on providing liquidity on uni swap so he starts off by saying providing liquidity in unison V3 can be 600 times more Capital efficient than on uni V2 however most use a passive approach readjust their position too frequently or provide liquidity to low yield pulls here are 10 tips to make your univ3 lping 10 times more efficient so obviously if you're a uni LP or thinking of being one you should definitely check out this thread I'll link it in the YouTube description below but this speaks to a larger discussion around this I guess debate of amms versus clubs so amm is obviously the thing that uni swap is powered by the automated Market maker which is

extremely popular with passive LPS and then there's the club which is the central limit order book which is basically like your normal uh I guess like centralized exchange order book that we're all used to now the Univision is kind of like a hybrid of that where you have passive LP but you can readjust it as much as you want to capture certain ranges of the price so for example if you have like an LP in ethusd and you want to LP between one thousand dollars and fifteen hundred dollars for eth you keep it there but if it goes out of that range then you're 100 USD or 100 eighth so you would adjust that range over time and then you can get Tighter and Tighter and Tighter with your ranges obviously depending on how often you're updating and things like that gas costs

factor into it and all that and all that sorts of stuff there so you have to kind of come up with a strategy that is very profitable and that's what what Julia I'm actually does in this tweet right here uh but yeah the debate I think rages on really because the reason why clubs don't really work in like on on D5 at least right now is because they require some insane scale they they do like for the best exchangers the ones that people like the most are the ones that give them a really good latency with their trades especially like high frequency Traders or just traders in general they want to know that when they post their trade it's not just going to get stuck it's actually going to get filled right they want to know if they have stop losses they're going to get

filled the Market's going to react to it the the system is going to react to it they want stability uh and they want really really fast feedback and stability on this to build that in a defy sense you would have to do something like what dydx did which is they centralized the order book right so I'm talking in a full D5 sense like a fully decentralized Club is very very hard if not impossible I don't think it's impossible actually I shouldn't say that I think using star uh using um a ZK technology uh stock where's I think being a proponent of this you can actually get the the latency down enough but right now it seems that a central or a kind of like off-chain order book which controls all of that flow and then having things on chain such as the the um technically having things as part of

the L2 the settlement and uh being on L1 is the hybrid approach but uh but yeah that debate seems to be raging on still so I'm curious to see how that that shakes out there but if you are a uni LP and if you feel like you could be getting more yield out of your LPS by being more active you should definitely check out this thread here uh for for tips on that and I'll link it in the YouTube description below for you all right so Metropolis or I should say orca protocol rebranded to Metropolis today so I think I mentioned auger protocol a few times on the refill before I I think I I should disguise that I'm an investor in them but they're basically an on-chain permissions uh for Dao working group so basically uh building your tooling infrastructure for Dallas here so they changed their name

from Orca protocol to Metropolis I think this was done because uh there is a popular um exchange on Solana called Orca or something and then there was kind of like naming confusion so obviously you don't want that so I think Metropolis is is a great name so yeah they've rebranded to Metropolis here and also they've got a whole blog post they're talking about it talking about uh what they're working on Dows As Cities I mean if you're into Dallas you should definitely be following this project they're doing a lot of great work around Dows and they're at the core of it they really are helping a lot of early stage and bigger dowels to to be better Dallas because I think I've said Dallas a lot of times in the last 10 seconds but I think Dallas right now are suffering from a pretty big issue or have been

traditionally something from pretty big issues of just not knowing what direction they want to go in because I've mentioned it before that a lot of Dallas think that you they shouldn't have any form of leadership or coordination it should just be a free-frow it should just be a flat organization and just like essentially Anarchy things can get done in that environment but not very efficiently and not very effectively and I can give a an example of this outside of crypto uh valve the video game company now for those of you who don't know valve they're a huge video game company they're very popular they made a game such as portal Team Fortress Half-Life uh Dota 2 um and and and uh and they've made a steam deck little uh handheld PC console

as well so they're very popular they've been around for age they made steam itself I should mention steam they made steam stuff but the problem with valve is that they're a flat organization that's their structure there is obviously Gabe Newman who's the founder he sits at the top but the way their organization is structured is that like there's no managers everywhere it's not like a hierarchy and not like a corporate thing it's kind of like a flat thing and because of this they haven't really produced games in a long time I mean there's this kind of like meme about Half-Life 3 taking forever to come out and I think that's due to the fact that they had this flat organization it just takes them forever to do anything because people are allowed to work whenever they want as far as I know there's not really any hard deadlines

and things like that and you know you can go prepare from Project the project it just depends on what people want to work on now as I said things can happen they release the new game recently uh Half-Life Alex right and that was really good but and they released the steam deck but in general they don't do that much they used to make many more games and they don't really make games these that many games these days it's all successful business but it's a different kind of success I think it's much worse for Dows especially Dallas of projects that haven't found product Market fit when they're like we're just gonna have a flood Organization no one's going to be in charge of anyone it's a free-for-all just do what you want blah blah blah and then everyone's just like uh okay I don't know how big of a Lord

of the Rings fans you guys are but it's kind of like when Sauron is defeated in Lord of the Rings and the Orcs are just like what do we do now right like they've got no leader they're like all aimlessly wandering around wondering what to do that's kind of like what Dows are like just wandering around being like okay uh you know this Dow this cool I'm going to participate uh okay there's some things that need to be done I'm gonna go do it and then like this person gets bought Avengers leaves and that gets stuck in development hell right so you need leadership you need structure and that's what Metropolis is trying to do is basically frame their technology frame they're tooling around this concept of working groups which I've talked about before in the context of index Co-op and how they've kind of structured it as

well and I think that working groups are good but also have their limitations right like you don't want to have too many working groups because then there's just too many people doing too many things and it's very hard to keep track of uh and it's very hard to scale those things especially for for Dows obviously to scale them you need some pretty uh you know gnarly hierarchy I mean look at the biggest businesses in the world and the biggest corporations in the world there's huge hierarchy the government could be looked at the same thing like this huge bureaucracy in these organizations because there there's just so much kind of uh people so many things to get done and you need that kind of structure there whereas we can do it differently with Dows but I think we have to keep on with the the core

principles of organization we have to have leadership we have to have coordination but that doesn't mean that it's centralized it can still be decentralized and distributed but you still have people that I'm I guess leading the charge so to speak but but yeah anyway okay guess like you can go read this thread from metropolis and learn more about them I'll link it in the YouTube description below right just to finish us up here today I've got two podcasts that I wanted to shout out so Victor bunin from coinbase on the coinbase podcast here uh put together a podcast between Brian Armstrong And vitalik buterin discussing the decentralization of ethereum credibility of ethereum and the ofak stuff so if you haven't listened to this yet definitely be sure to do so I'll link that in the YouTube description

below and the last thing here is just that I did a uh merge podcast with Jason Choi from the Block crunch podcast you should definitely go check this out talk about all things the merge I don't think I spoke about this the other day on the refill if I did apologies for doubling up here but you can go give this a listen it's about an hour worth of merge content and it was really great talking to Jason but I think on that note that's going to be it for today just a reminder that there's no refuel again tomorrow tomorrow being Friday I'll be back on Monday with a fresh episode so have a good weekend everyone and thank you for listening and watching be sure to subscribe to the channel if you haven't yet give it a thumbs up subscribe to the newsletter join the Discord Channel and

I'll catch you all in next week thanks everyone